Rapid method of converting primary amides to nitriles and nitriles to primary amides by ZnC12 using microwaves under different reaction conditions

A rapid and facile method for the conversion of primary amides to nitriles using inexpensive and readily available ZnCl2 in aqueous acetonitrile and their regeneration using ZnCl2-H2O-THF in the presence of acetamide under microwave irradiation in good yields is reported. The reactions go to completion within a minute

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF MENTALLY CHALLENGED ADOLESCENTS IN INDIA AND THE EFFICACY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH HERBS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION

Health is the state of well-being in physical, social, spiritual, and mental health. Apart from physical health, mental health is of prime importance. The brain is one of the most complex organs in the body. The brain has multiple tasking abilities like learn, play, concentrate, remember and it helps in sustaining a clear mind. Brain comprises around 60% fat with omega 3 fatty acid and Docosahexaenoic acid, these two supports the normal neuronal membranes. The modern diet lacking in omega 3 and DHA may harm cognitive development.  In the world, India stands second place with a population of 135.26 crores. India comprises one fifth of the adolescent population that is around 27.05% of the total population. According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, “Mental retardation is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviour. Mental health in adolescents is neglected and it increased morbidity and mortality during recent years. Cognitive development in adolescence occurs in three main areas. The three areas are advanced reasoning skills, abstract thinking, and formal operational thinking.  The psychiatric disorders in adolescents begin before the age of 14 and nearly 50% of adolescents are affected during this period. The remaining 20% of the adolescent’s population are affected by predisposing or precipitating factor. Plants have been used as a medicine based on folk remedies and experience. Due to the immense potential of medicinal plants, the research work was planned to carry out on plant based medicine. Various nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical components have been derived from medicinal plants. Plants such as Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, and various herbs are rich source of omega 3, Alpha-linolenic acid, Minerals and Vitamins which helps in cognitive development and work as memory enhancer in human being

Antenatal service utilization among women in South India: a community based cross sectional study

Background: Antenatal period is important for identifying pregnancy related threats and antenatal care (ANC) is one of the most effective health interventions during this period. It provides a unique opportunity for screening and diagnosis, health promotion and disease prevention. This study assessed the antenatal service utilization pattern and its determinants among women.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of a teaching hospital in Mangalore. Study included 142 women who had delivered in the last one year in the study area, selected using snowball sampling method. A pretested semi-structured validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Predictors of full ANC were identified using univariate analysis and explanatory variables were entered into multivariate regression model to obtain the adjusted odds ratios to find the association between full ANC coverage and its determinants.Results: Among the participants, 99.3% registered their pregnancy and 78.9% had early registration. Majority, 91.5% had minimum antenatal visits, 83.1% consumed iron and folic acid supplements for more than three months and tetanus toxoid (TT) coverage was 98.6%. Full ANC coverage was found to be 81% and unadjusted analysis showed higher odds of full ANC coverage among housewives, primiparous, women in joint family and among literates. However, multi variable analysis revealed literacy as the major determinant of full ANC.Conclusions: In the present study, majority of the women had adequate antenatal care utilization. Full antenatal coverage was found to be statistically significant among literate women

Introduction to Fluids in Motion

This paper serves as an introduction to the concept of fluid motion. It is an attempt made to introduce the fundamentals of fluid flow. Fluid motion manifests themselves in many different ways. Some common assumptions used to simplify a flow situation are related to fluid properties. Under certain conditions viscosity can affect the flow significantly. The compressibility of a gas in motion should be taken into account if the velocities are very high. Fluid flow analysis is used to predict the behavior of systems which involves fluid flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics is the method to perform Fluid flow analysis and utilizes numerical methods and algorithms to address the problem that includes fluid flow. This paper consists of a brief view of different types of flow,basic equations etc. At the outset the beginning is the description of the basic ideas of fluid flows, Flow patterns, methods to describe fluid motion etc. The paper ends with general analysis of fluid motion through ANSYS CFD software, because the visualization of flow patterns permit the development and better understanding in formulating a mathematical problem

Management of Sheetapitta through Shodhana and Shamana - A Case Study

Now a day’s cosmetic issue especially Urticaria has become a common problem in the society. Urticaria, commonly known as hives, usually occurs due to an allergic reaction. Sheetapitta is a similar condition in Ayurveda, as the symptoms are similar. Sheetapitta is comprised of two words Sheeta and Pitta. The condition occurs due to dominance of cold over Pitta Dosha. Due to exposure to cold wind, Kapha and Vata Doshas get aggravated and combine with Pitta Doshas. These spread all over the body and produce rashes on the surface of the skin. A 26 year old male student, presented with complaints of Reddish lesions over hands and back since 15-20 days associated with burning sensation, pain and itching which aggravated more during evening and night hours and on exposure to cold climate. The diagnosis was done as Sheetapitta with respect to Urticaria Pigmentosa. Its management was done successfully by following the principles of Shodhana and Shamana

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: a 7-year review at tertiary hospital

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is a major obstetric procedure, usually performed as a life-saving measure in cases of intractable obstetric hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, indications and the risk factors and complications of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH). The medical records of 13 patients who had undergone EPH, between January 2012 and December 2018, were reviewed retrospectively. All necessary data was obtained by record review. The mean age of pregnant women was 30 year. There were 13 EPHs out of 15768 deliveries, a rate of 0.82 per 1,000 deliveries. Out of 13 women who underwent EPHs, 8 hysterectomies were performed after cesarean delivery and 5 after vaginal delivery. The most common indication for hysterectomy was abnormal placentation (7/13), followed by atony (4/13), rupture of scared uterus (1/13) and rupture of unscared uterus (1/13). There were two cases of intra-operative bladder injury, we had 1/13 maternal death because of EPH. There were no cases of neonatal mortality. In our series, abnormal placentation was the most common of indication for EPH. The risk factors for EPH were previous CS for abnormal placentation and placental abruption for uterine atony and peripartum hemorrhage. Limiting the number of CS deliveries would bring a significant impact on decreasing the risk of EPH

A review article on Kaphaja Shotha vis-à-vis Diabetic Nephropathy and its management

Modern medical science has eliminated the threat of death and disability from most infectious diseases through improved sanitation, vaccination and antibiotics. But death from lifestyle diseases is now a primary concern. Modern life advancement and dietary food habits result into number of pathologies which are hard to treat and sometimes become irreversible. One amongst them is Shotha (oedema). Shotha is a Tridoshajavyadhi. In Kaphajashotha, there is Pradhanata of Kapha Dosha and has peculiar symptoms like Pitting Oedema, oedema is more in the night time, and with Loss of taste etc. Considering the symptoms, we can study Kaphaja Shotha vis-a-vis Diabetic Nephropathy and its management through Ayurveda.  Ayurveda is known as “Science of longevity” because it offers a complete system to live a long healthy life